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Research integrity

UniSQ is committed to creating and maintaining a research culture that enables responsible conduct and encourages integrity through mentoring, education and clear research policies.  

The culture at UniSQ is fundamentally important to support honest, ethical and conscientious research. Understanding the University’s, mission, vision, values, organisation and governance is essential for all UniSQ researchers.

Researchers become familiar with these through:

The development of personal skills such as those related to time management, attention to detail, resilience, critical thinking and working effectively with others can also support research integrity. The University’s Researcher Development and Training SharePoint site and People Portfolio Capability Development SharePoint site offer support and development opportunities for researchers. The Graduate Research School also offered tailored support for HDR students undertaking research training.   

Open dialogue with colleagues, peers and Research Integrity Advisors is another important way researchers can develop their understanding of responsible research conduct and develop strategies to avoid situations where this is compromised.

Research Integrity Advisors also play an important role in building the culture of research integrity and ethics at the University. Our Research Integrity Advisors are here to help and provide advice on responsible research conduct.

An understanding of the principles of responsible research is fundamental for researchers to meet their obligations. Guidance on a number of areas of research practice are included in the tabs below.

The Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research, 2018 is a joint publication of the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), the Australian Research Council (ARC) and Universities Australia (UA). The Code focuses on eight core principles of responsible research conduct:
  1. Integrity
  2. Rigour
  3. Transparency
  4. Fairness
  5. Respect
  6. Recognition
  7. Accountability
  8. Promotion

It represents the core behaviours that characterise responsible conduct of research and outlines the principles everyone undertaking research are expected to uphold at all times. It also has specific responsibilities for institutions and individual researchers. The University has produced a Research Code of Conduct Policy and related procedures to interpret the Code to a UniSQ context.

Potential breaches of the Code are taken seriously and the process for reporting, assessing and investigating breaches is outlines in the University's Research Code of Conduct Management of Potential Breaches Procedure

Individuals who have a concern about the conduct of research at UniSQ may wish to speak with a Research Integrity Advisor in the first instance. Formal complaints can be made by emailing ResearchIntegrity@unisq.edu.au

Complainants should attempt to provide all information pertinent to the matter in the initial research conduct complaint. At a minimum, a research conduct complaint should contain:

  • the name and contact details of the complainant;
  • the name of the individual(s) who they allege has/have committed a breach;
  • details relating to individual(s) that the complainant has discussed the matter with;
  • information indicating how the complainant or others are affected by the matter (if relevant);
  • the nature and details of the potential breach;
  • when the potential breach occurred;
  • if applicable, indicate any immediate concerns related to human, animal or environmental safety; and
  • an acknowledgement that as the complainant, you will keep the matter confidential while it is being assessed.

Research conduct complaints may be made on an anonymous basis, however complainants should know that the capacity to deal with anonymous research conduct complaints is restricted by the complainant's desire to remain anonymous. Research conduct complaints of this type do not allow for the investigation of specific concerns.

UniSQ recognises the need for researchers to be informed on issues relating to research integrity and the conduct of responsible research, including research ethics matters. These issues are vital to the future of UniSQ's research outcomes and success.  

Members of the University Community involved in Research have obligations under the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research, which include responsibilities to Disclose and manage Conflicts of Interest. As such, University Community Members involved in Research must also refer to the University's Research Code of Conduct Policy and Intellectual Property Policy.

Members of the University Community involved in Research must not allow their Private Interests to interfere or perceive to interfere with Research and Commercialisation activities.

Research Conflicts of Interest can occur when an independent observer may reasonably conclude that a Researcher's other interests may unduly influence the design, conduct, outcome, or reporting of the Research. This includes financial, personal, familial, professional, and organisational interests.

Commercialisation Conflicts of Interest can occur when an independent observer may reasonably conclude that the personal benefits a Researcher makes from Commercialisation activities may unduly influence their University duties and cause them to not act in the best interest of the University.

Researchers have a responsibility to identify and assess Conflicts of Interest in relation to Research and Commercialisation activities.

When determining whether a Conflict of Interest may exist in a Research or Commercialisation activity, Researchers should consider how their Private Interests might impact on their University duties and how those interests might be perceived to independent observers. Factors to consider include (but are not limited to):

  • direct payments, such as salary, consultancy payments, speaking fees, panel memberships;
  • indirect payments, such as funding of travel, accommodation, professional development, hospitality;
  • payments to support Research, such as funding from an industry or interest group;
  • company shares or options;
  • royalties;
  • directorships;
  • scholarships;
  • ·operational or infrastructure support;
  • whether there is a future expectation of a benefit, for example, proceeds from the sale of IP arising from a project or the promise of shares in a spin-off company;
  • board membership (paid or unpaid) or other affiliation with an organisation that could stand to benefit from or be affected by the Research;
  • personal or social relationships and current and past professional relationships, where relevant; and
  • recent employment with, or role in, organisations with financial links or affiliations with industry groups that could stand to benefit from or be affected by the Research.

The mere existence of a conflict does not imply wrongdoing and in some cases is unavoidable. In some cases it is possible and desirable to remove oneself from the identified conflict. At other times this is not possible and/or not desirable.

Members of the University Community are obligated to identify, Disclose, and manage situations involving Conflicts of Interest in accordance with the Conflict of Interest Procedure or the Council Conflict of Interest Policy and Procedure.

The rigorous and transparent identification and management of conflicts of interest promotes public confidence in the integrity, legitimacy and impartiality of research.

Researchers must also declare relevant conflicts of interest in research outputs, in submissions to research ethics committees and as required by outside organisations, such as in applications for funding or when undertaking peer review.  

Peer Review plays an important role in helping to validate research, establish methods by which it can be evaluated, and increase networking possibilities among researchers (Elsevier, 2016). There are many types of Peer Review, with the single blind review method being the most traditional and common method used for publication purposes.  

At UniSQ, we encourage peer review in all aspects of teaching and research, including ethics applications, grant Applications and research outputs.  

UniSQ Statement on Peer Review  

UniSQ recognises the importance of peer review and is committed to encouraging and supporting UniSQ Research Workers to participate in the process. That encouragement extends to participation as an expert or generalist reviewer both within the University and to Australian and international peer review processes. UniSQ expects Research Workers to engage with the process by having their work peer reviewed. This includes ensuring that all applications submitted for research ethics approval, funding and publication to have undergone a peer review process prior to submission.  

Peer review takes on many forms but, requires both experts in areas of research and generalist readers (in associated or more generalised fields of research) to provide clear, unbiased, timely and considered review of material submitted for publication, grants, promotion and other forms of public release. Normally a peer review process requires at least three reviewers. Peer reviewers are often asked to comment on the academic quality, relevance, coherence and financial viability of applications and/or be able to rank the review material against selection criteria.  

UniSQ recognises that one important aspect of peer review is the discovery of apparent deviations from the principles of the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018). Examples include double publication, incorrect and misleading statements, fabrication, plagiarism and fraud. Where a potential breach of the Research Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research is raised it is handled in accordance with the Research Code of Conduct: Management of Potential Breaches Procedure.  

Responsibilities of UniSQ Research Workers  

UniSQ encourages all UniSQ Research Workers to participate in, and support, the peer review process. In doing so, those who agree to act as peer reviews must:  
  • Be fair and timely in their review;
  • Act in confidence and not disclose the content or outcome of any process (to those other than the author/s) in which they are involved;
  • Ensure they are informed about, and comply with the relevant criteria;
  • Declare all conflicts of interest, including perceived conflicts of interest, which may influence the peer review process;
  • Give proper consideration to research that challenges or changes accepted ways or thinking; 
  • Not take undue or calculated advantage of knowledge obtained during the process; and
  • Be aware of their obligations under various grant Funding Agreements as to the requirement to undertake peer review when requested by Funding Body (for example, NHMRC, ARC).  
Taking into consideration the field of research and the number of recognised experts within the field, reviews should not agree to participate in specialist peer review outside their area or level of expertise. In instances where this does occur, UniSQ Research Workers should declare their limitations. When asked to participate as a generalist reader, UniSQ Research Workers should be aware that they need a general level of awareness and understanding of the field involved.  

UniSQ encourages and expects that HDR supervisors assist their students (as an essential part of research training) in developing the skills and responsibilities involved in peer reviewing and appreciate their obligation to participate in this scholarly activity.  

Record of Peer Review  

Research workers have a responsibility to engage with the Peer Review process at the University, and particularly prior to the submission of applications for funding, ethical review, and publication.  

A record of Peer Review engagement may be captured through email, letters or using the UniSQ Peer Review Checklist (DOC 539KB). A copy should also be retained for their own record.  

The use of this checklist will ensures that your record of Peer Review includes:
  • anticipated title of the research project
  • acknowledgement of the anticipated benefits and risks of the research and whether these have been addressed
  • the research questions and/or hypotheses are appropriate
  • the research design and methods are appropriate to achieve the research aims
  • the research team and supervisors are appropriate qualified, competent and experienced.  

Supervision is a cornerstone of responsible research practice. At UniSQ, the supervisory relationship between Higher Degree by Research (HDR) students and their supervisors is guided by principles of integrity, respect, accountability, and transparency. These principles are embedded in both the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (2018) and UniSQ’s Higher Degree by Research Supervision Procedure.

Responsibilities of Supervisors

Supervisors play a critical role in shaping the research culture and supporting the development of emerging researchers. In line with the NHMRC’s Supervision Guide and UniSQ policy, supervisors are expected to:

  • Provide guidance and mentorship on responsible research conduct to other researchers or research trainees under their supervision and, where appropriate, monitor their conduct.
  • Provide timely, constructive, and respectful feedback on research progress.
  • Ensure that HDR students are aware of and comply with ethical, legal, and professional standards relevant to their research.
  • Support students in developing skills in research integrity, including authorship, data management, and responsible publication practices.
  • Acknowledge those who have contributed to the research.
  • Maintain clear and open communication, including setting expectations around availability, feedback timelines, and research milestones.
  • Engage in ongoing professional development and supervision training as required by UniSQ’s accreditation and re-accreditation processes. 

Responsibilities of HDR Students

HDR students are active participants in the supervisory relationship. They are expected to:

  • Demonstrate a professional attitude towards their research.
  • Take responsibility for the progress of their research and meet agreed milestones.
  • Work cooperatively with their supervisors.
  • Adhere to ethical and professional standards in all aspects of their research.
  • Communicate openly about challenges, including personal or academic issues that may impact progress.
  • Complete all training in a timely manner, and induction courses as soon as possible after they commence their research roles and take an active role in their own professional development.

The Higher Degree by Research Student Progress Procedure provides further guidance.

Supporting a Culture of Integrity

Supervision is not only about academic guidance—it is also about modelling and fostering a culture of research integrity. Supervisors are encouraged to:

  • Discuss research integrity topics regularly, including authorship, peer review, and conflicts of interest.
  • Refer students to UniSQ’s Research Integrity Advisors for confidential advice on responsible research practices when appropriate.  
  • Use resources such as the NHMRC’s Supervision Guide and UniSQ’s Research Code of Conduct to inform their practice. 
The University is committed to maintaining the highest standard of integrity in research, as outlined in the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research and the Research Code of Conduct Policy.  

Authorship must only recognise a significant intellectual or scholarly contribution to a Research Output. For a person to claim, demand, or accept authorship without having made a significant intellectual or scholarly contribution is a breach of the Research Code.  

An author is responsible for the integrity and accurate reporting of at least their significant intellectual or scholarly contribution to the research.

The University considers that authorship:  
  • must be an honest reflection of contribution to research
  • should be assigned fairly and consistently
  • should be communicated clearly and transparently between contributors to the research
  • should be approached with a generosity of spirit while remaining true to the policy requirements
  • should acknowledge contributions appropriately.  
A research worker who qualifies as an author must not be included or excluded for authorship without written agreement as described in the Authorship Procedure.  

Record of authorship  

Research workers have a responsibility to discuss authorship between potential co-authors and contributors to Research Outputs at the beginning of the research and as soon as collaborative circumstances or the research changes.  

A record of authorship agreement is to include, but is not limited to:

  • anticipated title of the scholarly work
  • outlet (e.g. journal name, publisher, conference or other medium)
  • anticipated date of submission to the outlet
  • name and order or authors, author role and contribution to the overall Research Output. 
Research workers are encouraged to use the Authorship Agreement and retain a copy for their own record. The record of authorship agreement may also be informally captured through email or letters.  

Policy and procedure  

UniSQ has developed an Authorship Procedure that align with the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research (and Authorship guide).  

Collaborative research offers numerous benefits to individual team members, the University and society at large. By collaborating with other researchers or industry partners, you can combine diverse expertise and skills, leading to more comprehensive and innovative research outcomes. Collaboration can also accelerate research, foster creativity and innovation and help individual researchers to build broader professional networks, open up opportunities for future projects and career advancement.

However, collaboration also comes with challenges and risks, such as determining the ownership and management of intellectual property, effective coordination and communication, differences in institutional policies and research cultures, and ensuring security and confidentiality.  Clear communication, well-defined agreements and mutual respect are key to overcoming these challenges.

Researchers involved with collaborative research have an obligation under the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research to:

  • Comply with the relevant laws, regulations, disciplinary standards, ethics guidelines and institutional policies related to responsible research conduct. Ensure that appropriate approvals are obtained prior to the commencement of research, and that conditions of any approvals are adhered to during the course of research.

Researchers also need to keep in mind their responsibility to:

  • Disclose and manage actual, potential or perceived conflicts of interest.

UniSQ Researchers, whether they are conducting research solely under the auspices of the University of Southern Queensland or in collaboration external parties, are required to adhere to the standards and requirements described in UniSQ’s research integrity arrangements. UniSQ researchers should also encourage collaborators to adhere to the Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research and their own institution’s policies and guidance material. When faced with differing standards or requirements (e.g. in terms of authorship), UniSQ Researchers should seek advice from the Office for Research and keep a record of the consultation. Researchers involved in collaboration across institutions must ensure that differences in standards do not compromise the integrity of data collection and analysis. Effective collaboration requires a clear understanding of the roles, responsibilities and expectations of all parties.

All Research Activities involving University Researchers and external parties that include funding or formal requirements must be entered into the University’s Research Information Solutions Ecosystem (RISE), and governed by an agreement that has been signed by the University's authorised delegate as per the Delegations Policy and Financial Delegations Schedule prior to commencement.

Research projects that include the participation of a Higher Degree by Research (HDR) Student must comply with the University's Higher Degree by Research Student Policy, the Higher Degree by Research Supervision Procedure, and related University Policy Instruments.

Researchers are bound by the legal obligations and responsibilities of their contractual Research Agreements. Prior to the commencement of any Research Activities, Researchers must ensure that a Research Agreement is in place. In addition, Researchers must ensure there is an appropriate risk management plan, data management plan, ethics approvals and environmental and occupational health and safety requirements are in place, and that the University has access to the appropriate facilities and infrastructure to support the Research project.

Researchers should also be aware of any Background Intellectual Property, that is, any Intellectual Property that a party brings into a project or collaboration that was created before the project began, or was otherwise developed independently of the project. An Employee, Student or Visitor must not use Background Intellectual Property owned by them or by a third party for a University activity (including a University Project), unless a written licence is in place.

Where Research is undertaken internationally, in collaboration with non-Australian partners, or where international contractual obligations apply, Researchers will also comply with the relevant legislation and regulations that guide Research conduct in the relevant jurisdictions.

Ensure to also consider any requirements around trade controls, foreign interference, sanctions, modern slavery and the use of generative artificial intelligence when considering and conducting collaborative research. The University’s Research Management Procedure contains further advice and you can seek guidance from the Research Contracts Office.

Additional resources:

All work involving animals, cadaver animals, and cadaveric animal tissue must be assessed and appropriate approvals obtained before commencing. For more information please visit the animal ethics webpage.

Before commencing research, researchers (including undergraduate and postgraduate students) who wish to undertake projects involving human participants must obtain approval from the Human Research Ethics Committee. No research being conducted with or about people, or their data or tissue can take place without ethics clearance. For more information please visit the human ethics webpage.

For information regarding the requirements for research involving biological materials please visit Biosafety Central.

The University is subject to a number of Acts and Regulations which contain trade controls:   

  • Autonomous Sanctions Act 2011 (Cth)
  • Customs Act 1901 (Cth)
  • Charter of the United Nations Act 1945 (Cth)
  • Defence Trade Controls Act 2012 (Cth)
  • Weapons of Mass Destruction (Prevention of Proliferation) Act 1995 (Cth)  
  • Export Administration Regulations (EAR) USA
  • International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) USA

Autonomous Sanctions  

Australian sanction laws implement United Nations Security Council (UNSC) sanctions regimes and Australian autonomous sanctions regimes.

Autonomous sanctions may impact on the following activities at UniSQ:  

  • Prospective students undertaking a significant research component; staff and visiting academics from countries subject to international sanctions  

  • Formal or informal research collaborations (whether funded or not) with academics or organisations if the academics or organisations are not Australian citizens and are subject to international sanctions;  

  • Technology or material transfers to sanctioned countries or individuals; and  

  • Consultancies or private practice for, or with, sanctioned countries or individuals.  

The University engages with supervisors to ensure that sanctions are considered and uses a form to assist with the risk assessment (Sanctions Compliance Form, DOC 1.3MB)  

Defence Export Controls  

Australia’s Defence Export Control Office (DECO) is responsible to the Minister of Defence for regulating the export, transfer and brokering of defence and strategic goods and technologies to any place outside of Australia.  

The Customs Act 1901 regulates the tangible export of goods or technology and the Defence Trade Controls Act (Cwth) 2012 (the Act) controls the intangible export, brokering and publication of technologies. The Defence Trade Controls Amendment Bill was passed by Parliament and has been in affect from 1 April 2016.  

Defence and Strategic Goods List  

If your research plans or data will be shared or sent overseas, or used in an overseas conference and are included in the Defence andStrategic Good list (DSGL), you may require a permit to be authorised by the Defence Export Control Office (DECO). The DSGL is comprised of two parts:  

  • Part 1 lists munitions (defence and related goods)  

  • Part 2 lists dual-use items; that is, items that may be used for commercial purposes, but may be used in military systems or for the development of weapon of mass destruction purposes.  

Goods and technology included in the DSGL are restricted under the Weapons of Mass Destruction (Prevention and Proliferation) Act 1995 and the Customs Act 1901 and may not be exported from Australia unless a licence or permission has been granted by the Minister for Defence.  

Online DSGL Tool  

The DSGL online tool will help you identify if your research materials or activities will require a permit. The tool consists of two parts, the Activity Questionnaire and the DSGL Search Tool.  

A permit from Defence Export Controls Office (DECO) is only required when an export, supply, brokering or publishing activity is controlled and the goods, software or technology are listed in the DSGL. It is recommended that if you are new to export controls and are unsure if your activity will be controlled, you should complete the Activity Questionnaire first.  

If after using the Online DSGL Tool, you are unable to determine if your item is controlled in the DSGL, you will need to submit an application to DECO for assessment. The Office of Research will work with you in submitting your application to ensure you are registered and any required licences are obtained. It is important to note that it is the individual, not the institution, who is accountable under the Act for non-compliance.  

Applications can take up to 15 working days to assess with more complex applications taking considerably longer. It is important to include this process early in your research planning.  

Quick reference tools and resources  

ITAR/EAR  

Export Administration Regulations (EAR) USA or International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) USA may apply to equipment or software used at UniSQ.  

The Department of Defence outlines the requirements around these Regulations:  

  • If you deal with US sourced items or services listed on the US Munitions List (USML) or you wish to permanently or temporarily export or import them to or from the US, the ITAR should be consulted in the first instance.  

  • Items and services that may have both commercial and military use are listed on the US Commerce Control List (CCL), regulated by the Export Administration Regulations (EAR). If you deal with US sourced items or services listed on the CCL or you wish to permanently or temporarily export or import them to or from the US the EAR should be consulted in the first instance.  

Further information  

For enquiries please contact DefenceExport Controls or our Research Integrity Office.

Manager Research Integrity and Ethics: Dr Amanda Fernie

Email: researchintegrity@unisq.edu.au

Contact: Research Integrity Advisors